This book was written in 1930s, when China was in a period of transition from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese. This book is very popular because it is mainly aimed at middle school students and aims to teach young people how to write. It has also attracted much attention because it was written by two famous literati and Ye Shengtao. Although nearly a century has passed, the popularity of this book has never diminished.
First of all, I would like to introduce two China masters, Mr. Xia Gaizun and Mr. Ye Shengtao.
Xia Gaizun and Ye Shengtao, two masters of China literature, have many similar experiences. They all worked as primary and secondary school teachers, loved literature and shared the same educational philosophy. Both of them have worked in editing and publishing. They not only co-founded the magazine Middle School Students, but also co-wrote educational books such as Wen Xin, Reading and Writing, Articles and Speech.
Middle School Students magazine educates middle school students with advanced cultural ideas, educational ideas and rich scientific knowledge. It has made great efforts for Chinese teaching in China and made outstanding achievements. He is regarded as a mentor and friend by several generations of middle school students and enjoys a high reputation in the fields of culture, education and publishing. Until decades after liberation, it has been a popular booklet for middle school and middle school students to assist Chinese learning. This magazine has also been mentioned many times in Wen Xin.
The Education of Love, translated by Mr. Xia Gaizun from 65438 to 0923 by Italian writer Armitage, is the most famous, and its main ideas have had a far-reaching impact on China's educational theory after the May 4th Movement.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression began, the two men took an active part in the anti-Japanese national salvation work. Xia Gaizun was arrested and ravaged by the Japanese army, and died in 1946 shortly after he was released from prison. His death was a great loss to the education circle in China at that time.
And Mr Ye Shengtao continued the struggle of the Anti-Japanese War and the struggle for education in China.
After liberation, Ye Shengtao successively served as deputy director of the State Publishing Bureau, vice minister of education, president and editor-in-chief of People's Education Publishing House, curator of central research institute of culture and history, vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Central Committee for Democratic Progressive Party.
These two educators not only made great contributions to our country in education, but also made great achievements in literary creation.
Mr. Xia Gaizun has a collection of essays, The Theory of Flat Houses, which contains deep feelings.
Mr. Ye Shengtao is the author of novels such as Diaphragm and Ni Huanzhi, essays such as Footsteps and Xichuan Collection, fairy tales such as Scarecrow and Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes. He edited dozens of textbooks and wrote dozens of books about education in China.
Xia Mianzun and Mr. Ye Shengtao are both educators of Chinese education in China, and both have devoted their lives to the education of the motherland.
Both of them are respected as writers, educators and publishers by later generations, and their achievements in Chinese studies can be called "masters of Chinese studies", which are fully reflected in Wen Xin, Reading and Writing and other works.
The qualities of the two masters presented in the book, such as concentration, persistence, meticulousness, patience, persistence, innovation and Excellence, let me see the "artisan spirit" of our country, which is an attitude of being a man and also an attitude of working. This is the most precious spiritual wealth.
0 1, Wen Xin is an ingenious work created by two great educators.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing said in Preface to Wen Xin: This "story of reading and writing" is indeed a merit. The book combines reading methods and exercises, which is practical, not only points out the methods, but also pays attention to training, and teachers and students can cooperate friendly to achieve the teaching purpose.
This is a summary of many years' teaching experience of two masters of Chinese studies, and it is also their ideal teaching material of Chinese studies.
This book was written in 1933. Wen Xin revolves around the hardships of two families, the diligence of children, the diligence and responsibility of a teacher and several students with their own characteristics.
In the narrative of the story, Chinese knowledge is skillfully interspersed in every chapter and fragment. Students with strong thirst for knowledge ask questions, knowledgeable and patient teachers give convincing explanations, and parents who know Chinese participate in it, so that students can learn knowledge at any time at school or at home.
The book also reflects the profound friendship between teachers and students, the mutual help and friendship of classmates, the friendship and harmony of families and the cleanliness and integrity of the campus.
I have to say that two masters of Chinese studies have created a perfect and idealized school for us, with healthy and studious students, kind and responsible teachers. Although the story is in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it seems that people have entered a paradise.
The knowledge in this story, in the ordinary and warm narrative, enables students to master the knowledge of Chinese, accept the edification and baptism of Chinese culture, and also teaches students how to love themselves, their country and cultivate good moral character in the process, which is undoubtedly the most ideal learning method.
This is also the main reason why Wen Xin, a story of reading and writing, has not lost its original glory because of the changes of dynasties and times in the past hundred years. However, due to the progress of the times, people's demand for literature is increasingly urgent. With the improvement of economic and cultural level, the public's love for literature is more extensive, and the role of this book is more distinct, and it is also more respected and respected.
02. What does this book say?
Based on many years' teaching experience, the two masters of Chinese studies explained All Knowledge about Chinese with 32 stories, involving rhetoric, grammar, poetry, novels, diaries, reference books, literary history and many other Chinese knowledge. Here I choose three main aspects to introduce them:
First, about the topic and content.
Wen Xin said: We call what we want to write "content" and the title of the whole article "title". Natural order, content first, then title.
Here, the article is classified as a normal item in life, such as eating and sleeping. Composition is life, not an ornament of life. Nothing special, but the function of the title of the article is "easy to say", which has nothing to do with it.
This is why the current exams are all about writing the scope, and the topics are written by the candidates themselves. If you give a topic and then write an article based on this topic, it is definitely for this topic to examine the candidates' ideological depth, views and opinions, and it is also targeted. At the same time, the topic selection will also arouse students' interest to some extent.
The content is to record your own experience, an event, express your true feelings, and the joys and sorrows of people and things can be used as the content of the article. You need to mobilize all your senses to perceive things delicately, make enough preparations, have something to say and feel.
Second, about triggering.
Reading is new, writing is new, and the most important thing is the effort.
The so-called trigger is to feel another thing from one thing. When you read a book, you feel that a sentence in the book is related to a place in the book you read on weekdays, which is a trigger; Perception can be used as an example of a theoretical explanation in the future, which is a trigger; Finding the meaning of the profile is also a trigger for what you are experiencing at present. These triggers are good creative materials. The trigger should be new. It's nothing new to use a trigger that someone else has chewed. It's better not to say. Triggering requires a unique feeling about things in the world.
This kind of writing is not inferior to those who like writing but suffer from difficulty. In this way, the books you have read before can be re-read, re-thought and re-triggered, and everything in front of you has a lot of hidden contents to be discovered.
From cicada singing to cadence, from the shadow of the sun to the contrast between light and shade, from the unfairness of violence in thunderstorm, from the coolness after rain to the revolutionary role, from the cutting of potted plants to the arrangement of simplified characters, from the French style of photos to notes.
Third, about the organization of the article.
There are different opinions about the organization of articles in China, but they are mainly divided into six sections: beginning, inheritance, transmission, narration, transmission and conclusion. Simply put, it is to solve these three problems: how to start, how to say the main meaning, and how to end. The three principles of organizing articles are "order, connection and unity". Arrange all the materials in an appropriate order, which is the "order"; It went smoothly from beginning to end, and there was no reluctant connection. This is "contact"; The whole body maintains the same opinion and the same mood, which is "unity".
The most important thing in writing an article is "what to say". This is what we are talking about. What's there to say? The most important thing is "how to organize". Properly organized, the content will be complete and substantial; Improper organization, or even no organization, will affect the content and make it a thing. So the content depends on the organization, and the organization is a part of the content.
In 2003, after reading this book, it also triggered many feelings for me:
First, the article is no longer an inscrutable thing, it originates from life and begins with life.
Second, the article is a process of recording events, which has something to remember.
Third, the article is the result of arousing thoughts, recording inner thoughts and emotions in the event and expressing feelings.
Fourth, it is not disorderly, but organized.
04. Features of this book
First, Xian Yi, young and old, is the main reason why this book is widely circulated. Rich knowledge is integrated into interesting stories, which can be said to be unique.
Second, the words and sentences are easy to understand, simple and vivid. Although written in the Republic of China, it is not obscure at all. Even today, we also read fluently, and the knowledge we have learned has also been inspired. (for example)
Thirdly, the Chinese knowledge is decomposed layer by layer, from shallow to deep, and the truth in literature is explained with the simplest cases and metaphors, so that students can learn knowledge imperceptibly.
Fourth, solid theoretical cultivation, profound writing skills, extensive introduction, handy.
Fifth, in order to make the article alive, we must make other components of the article serve the inner core, such as structure, language, vocabulary, rhetoric, writing style, language sense, organization, style and appreciation of the article. Both scholars have thoroughly combed these issues, which is still of practical significance today.
Wen Xin is a warm gift and a beautiful kit. The guidance of the two great educators on Chinese knowledge did not stop at "slogan-style" encouragement, but paved a shortcut for young people to reach the other side of Chinese ideal with the heart and spirit of artisans. No matter what generation, this gift is worth having.