The core of China's environment and development lies in water, and the key to the sustainable development of economy and society lies in water. The rise and fall of water depends on the country's economic development strategy and its position as a basic industry in the national economy. At the same time, it depends on the strategic shift of water conservancy departments from engineering water conservancy to resource-based water conservancy, the change of traditional water conservancy concepts and ways of thinking by water conservancy cadres and the public, and the participation of the public.
Keywords: action plan for sustainable utilization of water resources
The core of China's environment and development lies in water, and the key to the sustainable development of economy and society lies in water. The rise and fall of water depends on the country's economic development strategy and its position as a basic industry in the national economy. At the same time, it depends on the strategic shift of water conservancy departments from engineering water conservancy to resource-based water conservancy, the change of traditional water conservancy concepts and ways of thinking by water conservancy cadres and the public, and the participation of the public. The strategic goal of resource-based water conservancy is the sustainable utilization of water resources, which should run through the whole process of "planning, development, utilization, governance, allocation, conservation, protection and management" of water resources. The key to realize the strategic goal of sustainable utilization of water resources depends on the national water conservancy economic policy and national investment policies and regulations. In view of the influence of global climate change, the sustainable utilization of water resources also depends on the unified norms and actions of internationalization. Based on the above analysis, aiming at the sustainable utilization of water resources in China, the following action plan suggestions are put forward.
First, formulate the action plan of "Green Water Oasis" and vigorously enhance the national awareness of water crisis.
(1) Enhance the public's overall awareness of population, resources and environment, and take the coordinated development of population, resources and environment as the basic national policy of the country.
(2) To enhance people's understanding of the dangers of floods, we should have ideological preparation and emergency measures for fighting floods.
(3) Enhance the public's awareness of water crisis, raise the awareness of water conservation of the whole people, and encourage the public, especially women and children, to participate.
(4) Governments at all levels and their propaganda departments should carry out a series of publicity activities to improve the water environment and ecological environment in the whole society, such as protecting water, cherishing water, managing water according to law, scientifically managing water, saving water and preventing sewage discharge.
(5) The education department should systematically compile Coordinated Development of Population, Resources and Environment in China, Water and Human, Water and Economic Society, Water and Environment, etc. Into the teaching materials, from primary school to carry out universal education. Governments at all levels and even villagers' autonomous organizations should carry out extensive and in-depth publicity and education.
Two, the formulation of national economic and social development planning should fully consider the conditions of water resources.
(1) When formulating the long-term plan for national economic development in 2050, we should fully consider the water resources conditions and water supply capacity.
(2) Re-examine the 20 10 national economic development plan, and adjust the development scale and productivity layout according to the water resources conditions. The built water consumption industry should be transferred to water-rich areas or coastal areas where seawater can be used, and the planned water consumption projects must be located in water-rich areas.
(3) The natural conditions in different regions of China are quite different, which determines that the economic development level in different regions is quite different. Therefore, different development strategies and economic policies should be adopted for different regions, such as eastern, central and western economic zones. All localities should formulate regional development plans in strict accordance with the water supply quota.
Three, re-examine the water conservancy development strategy and long-term planning
(1) The water problem in China has become the primary restrictive factor for economic and social development. The water conservancy department should examine and approve the strategic plan of water conservancy development, attach importance to the medium and long-term development forecast, and especially strengthen the macro-strategic research and management of water resources.
(2) Facing the shortage of water resources in China in 2 1 century, according to the change of water resources conditions and the national economic development plan, organize and carry out the national comprehensive evaluation of water resources.
(3) Flood control safety concerns the overall situation. In the future, flood control of major rivers will remain the top priority of river management. According to the new flood control situation, revise and improve flood control planning, especially strengthen the planning of non-engineering flood control measures.
(4) Water conservancy development should take consolidating, supporting, tapping potential and upgrading existing water conservancy infrastructure as one of the strategic priorities. Therefore, we should make up our minds to reform the investment distribution model in the planned economy in the past and give priority to capital construction investment. Consolidating and improving the benefits of these infrastructures is directly related to the realization of the strategic objectives of 2 1 century.
(5) The total amount of agricultural water should be controlled, and the growth of irrigation area should rely on scientific and technological innovation and seek development in water saving.
Four, a comprehensive understanding and correct implementation of the policy of increasing income and reducing expenditure.
Open source and reduce expenditure simultaneously, and save water first. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee has put water conservation in the first place, and the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee has also proposed that water conservation should be taken as a revolutionary measure, and the water conservation strategy formulated by the CPC Central Committee must be seriously implemented.
(1) The fundamental way to alleviate the shortage of water resources in China is to save water, and a water-saving economic development and water-saving social system should be established as soon as possible from a strategic height. The state should take water saving as a project and include it in the capital construction plan. Formulate a comprehensive development plan and economic policy for water-saving projects.
(2) While doing a good job in water-saving projects, we should speed up the construction of water source projects, increase the comprehensive development of various water resources, improve the utilization rate of rainwater resources, and build a number of large-scale water storage, water diversion and water lifting projects in a planned way. Areas rich in groundwater resources should be moderately developed. In arid areas and mountainous areas, the masses are widely mobilized to build small and micro water conservancy and rainwater collection projects. Coastal areas should study the utilization of seawater, desalinate seawater appropriately and use brackish water.
V accelerating the pace of inter-basin water transfer
(1) Further accelerate the planning and demonstration of inter-basin water transfer, and gradually implement inter-basin water transfer projects such as the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is very necessary in the near future or in the long term, but the study of water transfer route and scheme must obey the optimal allocation of regional water resources. The implementation plan should adopt the steps of easy before difficult, easy after difficult and segmented implementation, and should make full use of the existing water conservancy infrastructure. When solving the water shortage in the north, local water resources are still the main body of utilization, and water transfer is the nature of replenishment. Therefore, the inter-basin water transfer scheme should be studied on the basis of overall planning, optimal allocation, rational utilization and unified dispatching of water resources in this region.
(2) No matter what scheme is adopted in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, in order to ensure the grand strategic goal of economic and social development in the middle of 2 1 century, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project must be implemented 20 15 years ago to solve the water shortage problem in the northern region. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project focuses on solving the industrial and urban water use in the northern region. The water transferred to provinces and cities should be arranged as a whole with the local water supply, and unified management and pricing should be implemented. We should follow the market economic system and formulate the price policy according to the commodity water. Agricultural water use should adopt the economic policy of supplementing agriculture with industry.
(3) The Yellow River water resources have been overloaded. The utilization and distribution of water resources in the Yellow River must be studied from the overall situation of the upper, middle and lower reaches, and it is not appropriate to consider transferring water from outside the existing water supply area. The water supplied by the Yellow River to the Haihe River and Huaihe River should be considered from the Yangtze River. In the long run, on the basis of popularizing water saving, it is necessary to speed up the research on the water supply scheme of the Yellow River and consider the water supply of the west line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in the long run.
(4) Water shortage in North China is a foregone conclusion. Before the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, we should study how to solve the recent water shortage problem. It is suggested that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, based on the present situation of water resources development and utilization in the whole North China, combined with the phased water transfer schemes such as diverting water from Dan to Yellow River, Yellow River to Hebei Province and long river to Shandong Province, the rational allocation of available water resources in Luanhe River, Chaobai River and Yongding River and the joint operation of large reservoirs should be studied. Through optimized allocation, unified management and joint dispatching, a unified management and dispatching network of water resources in North China is formed.
Six, improve the unified management system of water resources in accordance with the law, and suggest the establishment of the National Water Resources Commission.
(1) To realize the unified and effective management of water resources, we must actively promote the transformation of water resources utilization mode from extensive to intensive, and promote the transformation of water resources management mode. We must establish a centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative new water resources management system to meet the requirements of developing the socialist market economy, and strengthen the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of water resources throughout the country.
(2) It is necessary to establish a unified, centralized and comprehensive water resources management system through laws and regulations, establish a model modeled after the National Flood Control Headquarters, and set up a national water resources committee with authority and decision-making ability, with its office located in the Ministry of Water Resources. The main functions of the Committee are to study development strategies, review and approve development plans, and coordinate water distribution and water disputes. At the same time, the unified management of water resources based on river basins should be strengthened. Under the unified leadership of the State Water Conservancy Commission, basin-level water resources management committees should be established in each basin as the main functions of basin institutions.
(3) After establishing a unified, centralized and comprehensive water resources management institution, effective water resources management policies must be improved. Effective management of water includes surface water and groundwater, quantity and quality of water, protection and effective utilization of water, distribution and unified dispatching of water, and effective management of water departments and users. To improve water management, we must share the responsibility from the aspects of concept, technology, economy, society, health, environment and legislation. At the same time, the state should have corresponding investment and economic policies.
(4) Amend the water law as soon as possible, formulate regulations on major river basins, incorporate the sustainable use of water resources into the national constitution and national policies, formulate laws and ethical standards for the sustainable use of water resources, and improve the water laws and regulations system.